ABSTRACT
A novel coronavirus strain has been testing the capabilities of our modern world and suffocating health care systems, while bringing together scientist's researches and governmental powers, to fight off its robust viral disease. A new zoonotic pathogenic member of the human coronaviruses, that was first documented in Wuhan, China, has crossed the species barrier to infect humans and caused an outbreak of viral pneumonia. In this brief review, we'll discuss the virology of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, covering the general structure of the virus, its genetics and its process of replication. SARS-CoV-2 gets into the cell through the recognition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors by the spike glycoprotein, with the aid of the priming protein transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), which is important for its activation, and replicates as a result of a complex process that involves RNA synthesis, proofreading and capping.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify the key host protein that can regulate the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a review of most important zoonotic diseases that are threatening human World population in the first 20 years of XXI century. Zoonoses diseases naturally transmitted through several modes from vertebrate animal hosts to humans. SARS-CoV-Z - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was identified as the cause of an outbreak of COVID-2 pandemic in humans in 2019/2020. Coronavirus positive Chinese bats and an unrecognized yet natural reservoir of emerging SARS-Z, are indicated as a primary source of infection. So far, there is no evidence that companion or farm animals can become infected by contact with a sick/infected person, so SARS-2 virus strains isolated from humans are not zoonotic. This review contains a description of SARS-2 virus structure, genetic diversity, structure and function of viral proteins, including class I viral fusion protein S. The review also includes an assessment of epidemiology of SARS-2 infection, criteria and epidemiological interactions, perspectives on emerging zoonoti'c disease research in contact with public health service. More closed cooperation between different services, including Veterinary Services, with WHO and OIE international standards, as eg. One Health partnership, is essential to avoid or minimize risk of new infections in future.
ABSTRACT
In present investigation, the morphological variability were studied by collecting seventeen isolates of V. fungicola from different mushroom farms of Haryana state and out of these eight were isolated, purified on PDA medium and which coded as MHS (Hisar), BFT (Fatehabad), NJN (Jind), RHT (Rohtak), TPN (Panipat), BSN (Sonipat), FDB (Fridabad) and SKK (Kurukshetra) and pathogenicity was proved on host A. bisporus. Regarding morphological variability, the radial growth was fastest in isolate BSN (44.66 mm), followed by TPN (43.86 mm), FDB (43.33 mm), SKK (42.16 mm) and RHT (41.50 mm), while isolates MHS, BFT and NJN had slow growth i.e. 35.83, 34.50 and 38.00 mm, respectively after 12 days of incubation. Isolates MHS, BFT and NJN showed uneven and less feathery colony growth, while rest of isolates had even, profuse feathery and raised colony. Colony pigmentation of V. fungicola isolates was white and underside light yellow in MHS, BFT, NJN and RHT, whereas, isolates TPN, BSN, FDB and SKK having dark yellow colour. The size of conidia also varied among the isolates and it ranges from 2.4-5.1x1.2-2.1m (BFT) to 3.0-7.9x1.1-2.5m (BSN) whereas, isolates MHS (2.8- 4.1x1.0-2.1 m), BFT (2.4-5.1x1.2-2.1m) and NJN (2.6-3.1x1.0-2.4 m) having small size conidia and rest one i.e. RHT (2.9-5.5x1.0-2.1m), TPN (2.9-6.5x1.1-2.3 m), BSN (3.0-7.9x1.1-2.5 m), FDB (3.0-6.5x1.0-2.2 m) and SKK (2.8-4.1x1.0-2.1 m) had large sized conidia.